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canonis N M

  • 1 canon

    I
    catalog of sacred writings admitted by rule, the_Canon; cannon/guns (pl.)
    II
    canon, member of cathedral chapter or canonry, Augustinian
    III
    sounding-board/channel of water organ; model/standard; measuring line, rule
    IV
    canonos/is N M
    sounding-board/channel of water organ; model/standard; measuring line, rule

    Latin-English dictionary > canon

  • 2 Napier (Neper), John

    [br]
    b. 1550 Merchiston Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland
    d. 4 April 1617 Merchiston Castle, Edinburgh, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish mathematician and theological writer noted for his discovery of logarithms, a powerful aid to mathematical calculations.
    [br]
    Born into a family of Scottish landowners, at the early age of 13 years Napier went to the University of St Andrews in Fife, but he apparently left before taking his degree. An extreme Protestant, he was active in the struggles with the Roman Catholic Church and in 1594 he dedicated to James VI of Scotland his Plaine Discovery of the Whole Revelation of St John, an attempt to promote the Protestant case in the guise of a learned study. About this time, as well as being involved in the development of military equipment, he devoted much of his time to finding methods of simplifying the tedious calculations involved in astronomy. Eventually he realized that by representing numbers in terms of the power to which a "base" number needed to be raised to produce them, it was possible to perform multiplication and division and to find roots, by the simpler processes of addition, substraction and integer division, respectively.
    A description of the principle of his "logarithms" (from the Gk. logos, reckoning, and arithmos, number), how he arrived at the idea and how they could be used was published in 1614 under the title Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio. Two years after his death his Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Constructio appeared, in which he explained how to calculate the logarithms of numbers and gave tables of them to eight significant figures, a novel feature being the use of the decimal point to distinguish the integral and fractional parts of the logarithm. As originally conceived, Napier's tables of logarithms were calculated using the natural number e(=2.71828…) as the base, not directly, but in effect according to the formula: Naperian logx= 107(log e 107-log e x) so that the original Naperian logarithm of a number decreased as the number increased. However, prior to his death he had readily acceded to a suggestion by Henry Briggs that it would greatly facilitate their use if logarithms were simply defined as the value to which the decimal base 10 needed to be raised to realize the number in question. He was almost certainly also aware of the work of Joost Burgi.
    No doubt as an extension of his ideas of logarithms, Napier also devised a means of manually performing multiplication and division by means of a system of rods known as Napier's Bones, a forerunner of the modern slide-rule, which evolved as a result of successive developments by Edmund Gunther, William Oughtred and others. Other contributions to mathematics by Napier include important simplifying discoveries in spherical trigonometry. However, his discovery of logarithms was undoubtedly his greatest achievement.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    Napier's "Descriptio" and his "Constructio" were published in English translation as Description of the Marvelous Canon of Logarithms (1857) and W.R.MacDonald's Construction of the Marvelous Canon of Logarithms (1889), which also catalogues all his works. His Rabdologiae, seu Numerationis per Virgulas Libri Duo (1617) was published in English as Divining Rods, or Two Books of Numbering by Means of Rods (1667).
    Further Reading
    D.Stewart and W.Minto, 1787, An Account of the Life Writings and Inventions of John Napier of Merchiston (an early account of Napier's work).
    C.G.Knott (ed.), 1915, Napier Tercentenary Memorial Volume (the fullest account of Napier's work).
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Napier (Neper), John

  • 3 canon

    cănōn, ŏnis, m.    - [gr]gr. κανών, όνος.    - voir l'article canon. [st1]1 [-] loi, règle, mesure.    - Plin. 34, 55. [st1]2 [-] tuyau de bois (dans les machines hydrauliques).    - Vitr. 10, 13. [st1]3 [-] contribution, redevance annuelle (sur l'or, l'argent, le grain).    - Spart. Sev. 8; Lampr. Elag. 27. [st1]4 [-] catalogue sacré, canon des Ecritures. --- Eccl.    - catalogue des livres admis comme divinement inspirés.
    * * *
    cănōn, ŏnis, m.    - [gr]gr. κανών, όνος.    - voir l'article canon. [st1]1 [-] loi, règle, mesure.    - Plin. 34, 55. [st1]2 [-] tuyau de bois (dans les machines hydrauliques).    - Vitr. 10, 13. [st1]3 [-] contribution, redevance annuelle (sur l'or, l'argent, le grain).    - Spart. Sev. 8; Lampr. Elag. 27. [st1]4 [-] catalogue sacré, canon des Ecritures. --- Eccl.    - catalogue des livres admis comme divinement inspirés.
    * * *
        Canon, canonis, pen. cor. Latine regula dicitur. Cic. Reigle.
    \
        Canon artis. Pli. Un paragon, ou Chef d'oeuvre. vnde legem artifices petunt. sur quoy les autres ouvriers se reiglent, et leur sert de patron.
    \
        Canon, in re nummaria. Asconius. Le domaine du Roy.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > canon

  • 4 pensitatio

    pensitātĭo, ōnis, f. [st2]1 [-] paiement, dépense. [st2]2 [-] compensation, indemnité. [st2]3 [-] rétribution, offrande.
    * * *
    pensitātĭo, ōnis, f. [st2]1 [-] paiement, dépense. [st2]2 [-] compensation, indemnité. [st2]3 [-] rétribution, offrande.
    * * *
        Pensitatio, Verbale. Plin. Recompense.
    \
        Omne genus pensitationis (ait Asconius) in hoc capite positum est, Canonis, Oblationis, Indictionis. Quae sic exponit Budaeus: Indictio, la taille: Oblatio, les aides: Canon, le domaine du Roy.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > pensitatio

  • 5 promerere

    1) заслуживать, оказывать кому услуги (1. 77 § 25 D. 31. 1. 20 D. 40, 4. 1. 4 C. 5, 25). 2) получать, qui canonis promeruit relevationem (1. 5 pr. C. Th. 11, 20).

    Латинско-русский словарь к источникам римского права > promerere

  • 6 Sanctorius, Santorio

    SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology
    [br]
    b. 29 March 1561 Capodistria, Italy (now Koper, Slovenia)
    d. 22 February 1636 Venice, Italy
    [br]
    Italian physician, founder of quantitative measurement in medicine.
    [br]
    Sanctorius graduated in Padua in 1582 and became Professor of Theoretical Medicine there in 1611. In 1629 he moved to Venice and devoted himself to scientific study. The first to use a thermometer to measure body temperature, he also invented a pulsimeter, a hygrometer, a water-bed and numerous other instruments. By constructing scales in which he was able to live, he was able to make measurements of changes in weight in daily living (see Floyer), including what he described as "insensible perspiration", or basal metabolism.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1614, Ars de station medicina.
    Further Reading
    A.Castiglioni, 1947, History of Medicine, London.
    MG

    Biographical history of technology > Sanctorius, Santorio

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